Individual Characteristic (QDM)

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The CQI Workgroup reviewed this content based on QDM version 5.3 in April 2018. There are no changes to the content for QDM version 5.4.

QDM defines Individual Characteristic as specific factors about a patient, clinician, provider, or facility. Included are demographics, behavioral factors, social or cultural factors, available resources, and preferences. Behaviors reference responses or actions that affect (either positively or negatively) health or healthcare. Included in this category are mental health issues, adherence issues unrelated to other factors or resources, coping ability, grief issues, and substance use/abuse. Social/cultural factors are characteristics of an individual related to family/caregiver support, education, and literacy (including health literacy), primary language, cultural beliefs (including health beliefs), persistent life stressors, spiritual and religious beliefs, immigration status, and history of abuse or neglect. Resources are means available to a patient to meet health and healthcare needs, which might include caregiver support, insurance coverage, financial resources, and community resources to which the patient is already connected and from which the patient is receiving benefit. Preferences are choices made by patients and their caregivers relative to options for care or treatment (including scheduling, care experience, and meeting of personal health goals) and the sharing and disclosure of their health information. QDM defines nine individual characteristics: Patient Characteristic; Patient Characteristic, Birthdate; Patient Characteristic, Clinical Trial Participant; Patient Characteristic, Ethnicity; Patient Characteristic, Expired; Patient Characteristic, Payer; Patient Characteristic, Race; Patient Characteristic, Sex; Provider Characteristic.

Patient Characteristic (Generic)

QDM Attribute	QI Core Metadata Element	Comment
Author dateTime	FHIR Provenance.recorded	FHIR references authorDatetime as part of the provenance resource for all resources.
Code		Not sufficiently specific to address with FHIR
id	patient.id	QDM matched to FHIR / QI Core
Source		Not sufficiently specific to address with FHIR
Recorder	FHIR Provenance.recorder	QDM matched to FHIR / QI Core

Patient Characteristic: Birthdate

QDM Attribute	QI Core Metadata Element	Comment
Birth dateTime	Patient.birthDate Patient.extension.birthTime	Patient.extension.birthTime used for birthTime for newborns.
Code		Not addressed in QI Core / FHIR
id	patient.id	QDM matched to QI Core / FHIR

Patient Characteristic: Clinical Trial Participant

QDM Attribute	QI Core Metadata Element	Comment
Reason	Patient.extension.clinicalTrial.reason	QDM matched to QI Core / FHIR
Relevant Period	Patient.extension.clinicalTrial.period	QDM matched to QI Core / FHIR
Code	Patient.extension.clinicalTrial.NCT	QDM matched to QI Core / FHIR
id	Patient.id	QDM matched to QI Core / FHIR

Patient Characteristic: Ethnicity

QDM Attribute	QI Core Metadata Element	Comment
Code	Patient.extension (http://hl7.org/fhir/us/core/StructureDefinition-us-core-ethnicity) .ombCategory	QDM matched to QI Core / FHIR
id	Patient.id	QDM matched to QI Core / FHIR

Patient Characteristic: Expired

QDM Attribute	QI Core Metadata Element	Comment
Cause		Not addressed in QI Core / FHIR
Expiration dateTime	Patient.deceasedDateTime	QDM matched to QI Core / FHIR
Code	deceasedBoolean	If the code exisits in QDM the deceasedBoolean is true. Uses a direct referenced code (SNOMED CT 419099009 2016-03).
id	Patient.id	QDM matched to QI Core / FHIR

Patient Characteristic: Payer

QDM Attribute	QI Core Metadata Element	Comment
Relevant Period		Not addressed in QI Core / FHIR
Code		Not addressed in QI Core / FHIR
id	Patient.id	QDM matched to QI Core / FHIR

Patient Characteristic: Race

QDM Attribute	QI Core Metadata Element	Comment
Code	Patient.extension (http://hl7.org/fhir/us/core/StructureDefinition-us-core-race.html) .ombCategory	QDM matched to QI Core / FHIR
id	Patient.id	QDM matched to QI Core / FHIR

Patient Characteristic: Sex

QDM Attribute	QI Core Metadata Element	Comment
Code	Patient.gender	QDM matched to QI Core / FHIR
id	Patient.id	QDM matched to QI Core / FHIR

Provider Characteristic

QDM Attribute	QI Core Metadata Element	Comment
Author dateTime	FHIR Provenance.recorded	FHIR references authorDatetime as part of the provenance resource for all resources. Note - FHIR includes a concept Practitioner.qualification.period (period during which the qualification is valid). The qualification period may be useful in defining CDS or eCQMs.
Code	Practitioner.qualification.code	QDM matched to QI Core / FHIR
id	Practitioner.identifier.id	QDM matched to QI Core / FHIR